ACRC Working Paper is a series for presenting research in progress and early-stage findings. It provides space for researchers to develop arguments, share data and methods, and test interpretations before they are refined into final publications. The aim is to encourage careful thinking, invite constructive critique, and strengthen the quality of future work. ACRC Working Papers may be published in Bahasa Indonesia and English to reach a broad community of readers, including scholars, practitioners, and students. The views expressed in each paper are those of the author(s) alone and do not necessarily reflect the official position of ACRC or any institution with which the author(s) may be affiliated.